… In April 2025, China restricted rare earth exports to retaliate against U.S. tariffs. Shipments began to recover after agreements were reached between China and the U.S. and Europe later in the year. …
… Washington continues to tighten access to the most capable closed frontier models from companies such as Anthropic and OpenAI through API protections, export controls and, increasingly, discussions around licensing and frontier governance. …
… China has yet to fill that gap, as its chipmakers are unable to produce their most advanced processors in quantities large enough to export, Chilukuri said. …