Host offloading is most useful when GPU memory limits model size, sequence length, or batch size, and when selected tensors are large enough to reduce HBM pressure. It is especially useful when offloading can replace expensive activation rematerialization or make a larger batch configuration feasible. Performance depends on overlap. Host offloading works best when the workload has enough compute, communication, or other independent work to hide transfer latency. On NVIDIA GPUs, XLA helps create this overlap by using dedicated copy streams, scheduling transfers with LHS, and enabling pipelined
Speculative decoding has two phases: drafting and verification. A smaller draft model proposes future tokens. The target model verifies those tokens in parallel and accepts the longest valid prefix. If the draft is correct, the system generates multiple tokens with one target-model verification pass. Traditional speculative decoding methods often use autoregressive draft models. These drafters still generate tokens sequentially, so drafting cost increases as the number of speculative tokens increases. This limits how far the method can push throughput. DFlash replaces the autoregressive drafte