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In our previous Economic Index reports, we separated out “automation,” where AI directly performs tasks, from “augmentation,” where AI collaborates with a user to perform a task. Here, we found that Claude Code showed dramatically higher automation rates—79% of conversations involved some form of automation, compared to 49% on Claude.ai. We also split automation and augmentation into several subtypes (as discussed in our previous work). “Feedback Loop” patterns, where Claude completes tasks autonomously but with help of human validation (for example, where the user sends any errors back to Cla

Overall, we found that developers commonly use Claude for building user interfaces and interactive elements for websites and mobile applications. Although no single language dominated, the primarily web-focused development languages of JavaScript and TypeScript together accounted for 31% of all queries, and HTML2 and CSS (other languages for user-facing code) together added another 28%. Back-end development languages (used for behind-the-scenes logic, databases, and infrastructure, as well as API and AI development) were also represented: notably, Python was at 14% of queries. However, Python

We also analyzed which groups of developers might be using Claude. We used our analysis system to identify the type of project (e.g. a personal project vs. a project done for a startup) that best described users’ coding-related interactions. Because we don’t know the real-world context in which Claude’s responses were being used, these analyses rely on uncertain inferences from incomplete data. We therefore treat these findings as more preliminary than the ones described above. Startups appear to be the primary early adopters of Claude Code, and enterprise adoption lags behind. Startup work ac

We measure this on a 1-5 scale, from "none" to "extreme.” Tasks that are easy to describe or specify involve little autonomy: the lowest-autonomy outputs are math or calculations, translations, and Q&As. High-autonomy tasks are those that require selection among many possible choices, e.g., creating apps and websites, games, or presentations. Such work, which requires sustained judgment, has historically been difficult to automate. By comparing the level of autonomy in Claude chat and Cowork to Claude Code, we show that this is starting to change. Across almost all types of outputs (26 of 31 o